手機(jī)版
That steaming mixture of meat and potatoes, carrots in a sort of gravy got its name from the pot in which it was cooked. The food itself wasn’t called stew until about 250 years ago, but the stew pot was called a stew 700 years ago and more.
熱氣騰騰的土豆胡蘿卜燉肉的名字來源于燒這道菜的鍋。250年前，這道菜被稱為stew，但在700 多年以前，stew 的意思是燉鍋。
The Oxford English Dictionary says that this is a common word in languages descended from Latin.
《牛津英語詞典》指出這是來源于拉丁文的一個(gè)常見詞。
It seems that stew is one of those words that has been formed by squishing two words together, and then squishing the single word some more.
英語中一些單詞是將兩個(gè)詞合并后形成的，stew 便是其中之一，并且合并后的單詞還要被進(jìn)一步壓縮。
I implied that the word stew today refers to a steaming mixture of food. It is the steam that in turn gave the name to the pot.
我前面說過，現(xiàn)在的這個(gè)stew 指的是混合蒸煮后的食物。而燒這道菜的鍋的名字從steam 而來。
The original two Latin words were ex meaning “out of” and tufus meaning “vapor.” Thus the words referring to the vapor rising out of the pot got combined into extufare and then further compressed down to stufa. And that was just in Latin, once the word got into French the final fa was boiled away and left stew in English.
最初的兩個(gè)拉丁詞是 ex（出）和 tufus（水蒸汽），指的是鍋內(nèi)冒出來的水蒸氣，合成后變?yōu)?extufare，接著又進(jìn)一步壓縮為 stufa。這還只是拉丁詞，當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞傳入法國，詞尾 fa 便“蒸發(fā)”不見了，因此英語里也就只剩下 stew。
Stew shares its etymology with stove. Around 500 years ago both stew and stove shared a meaning of “a heated room” before they parted company to assume their current meanings.
stew 和 stove 具有同樣的詞源。大約 500 年前，當(dāng) stew 和 stove 還沒有被區(qū)別開并各自擁有現(xiàn)在的意思之前，它們都表示“加熱的房間”。
From a “heated room” stew took on quite a different meaning of “heat” when it was used as a euphemism for a prostitute’s room—the thinking being not that hot things went on there, but that hookers plied their trade in bath houses. The first time that we know of the word stew being applied to a meal was from the writings of Margaret Calderwood in 1756.
在表示“加熱的房間”時(shí)，stew 包含了不同含義的“熱”，當(dāng)被用作委婉地表示妓女的房間時(shí)，不要以為是房間內(nèi)熱的東西，而是妓女在公共浴室進(jìn)行性交易。我們第一次獲知 stew 這個(gè)單詞可以追溯到 1756 年 Margaret Calderwood 的作品。
She lived with her family in Edinburgh, Scotland but her brother had to flee the country when he was wrongly accused of being a traitor. Since he was living in Holland she decided to pack up her family and take a European vacation . . . and she kept a diary.
她與家人住在蘇格蘭的愛丁堡，她的兄弟被指控叛國而必須逃離蘇格蘭。當(dāng)他在荷蘭定居后，她決定舉家前往歐洲旅行。而且她還寫了日記。
In addition to being the first to mention stew as food, she left a great record of life at the time including what people wore, how cheese was made, who used what kinds of money, and how one traveled as an eighteenth century tourist.
日記中除了首次提到 stew 是食物名稱以外，還記錄了那時(shí)人們的穿著，起司的制作，人們對(duì)于錢的分類和使用以及18 世紀(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)該如何旅行。
She also tells of being robbed a highwayman, meeting a Hungarian princess at a ball, and the specifics of how her husband lost their guidebook.
她還講述了自己被強(qiáng)盜攔路搶劫，在舞會(huì)遇見匈牙利公主，以及她的丈夫如何遺失旅行指南的細(xì)節(jié)。
The fact that there was a guidebook tells us that it wasn’t her travels that were so groundbreaking but her ability to document them.
從那時(shí)候已有旅行指南這件事中可以看出，具有開創(chuàng)性意義的不是她的旅行而是她記錄了這一切的才能。