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    《分析化學(xué)》中常見(jiàn)詞匯的中英對(duì)照

    放大字體  縮小字體 發(fā)布日期:2006-02-07


    第一章 緒論
    分析化學(xué):analytical chemistry
    定性分析:qualitative analysis
    定量分析:quantitative analysis
    物理分析:physical analysis
    物理化學(xué)分析:physico-chemical analysis
    儀器分析法:instrumental analysis
    流動(dòng)注射分析法:flow injection analysis;FIA
    順序注射分析法:sequentical injection analysis;SIA
    化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué):chemometrics

    第二章 誤差的分析數(shù)據(jù)處理
    絕對(duì)誤差:absolute error
    相對(duì)誤差:relative error
    系統(tǒng)誤差:systematic error
    可定誤差:determinate error
    隨機(jī)誤差:accidental error
    不可定誤差:indeterminate error
    準(zhǔn)確度:accuracy
    精確度:precision
    偏差:debiation,d
    平均偏差:average debiation
    相對(duì)平均偏差:relative average debiation
    標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差):standerd deviation;S
    相對(duì)平均偏差:relatibe standard deviation;RSD
    變異系數(shù):coefficient of variation
    誤差傳遞:propagation of error
    有效數(shù)字:significant figure
    置信水平:confidence level
    顯著性水平:level of significance
    合并標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(組合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差):pooled standard debiation
    舍棄商:rejection quotient ;Q

    化學(xué)定量分析
    第三章 滴定分析概論
    滴定分析法:titrametric analysis
    滴定:titration
    容量分析法:volumetric analysis
    化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn):stoichiometric point
    等當(dāng)點(diǎn):equivalent point
    電荷平衡:charge balance
    電荷平衡式:charge balance equation
    質(zhì)量平衡:mass balance
    物料平衡:material balance
    質(zhì)量平衡式:mass balance equation

    第四章 酸堿滴定法
    酸堿滴定法:acid-base titrations
    質(zhì)子自遞反應(yīng):autoprotolysis reaction
    質(zhì)子自遞常數(shù):autoprotolysis constant
    質(zhì)子條件式:proton balance equation
    酸堿指示劑:acid-base indicator
    指示劑常數(shù):indicator constant
    變色范圍:colour change interval
    混合指示劑:mixed indicator
    雙指示劑滴定法:double indicator titration

    第五章 非水滴定法
    非水滴定法:nonaqueous titrations
    質(zhì)子溶劑:protonic solvent
    酸性溶劑:acid solvent
    堿性溶劑:basic solvent
    兩性溶劑:amphototeric solvent
    無(wú)質(zhì)子溶劑:aprotic solvent
    均化效應(yīng):differentiating effect
    區(qū)分性溶劑:differentiating solvent
    離子化:ionization
    離解:dissociation
    結(jié)晶紫:crystal violet
    萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol
    奎哪啶紅:quinadinered
    百里酚藍(lán):thymol blue
    偶氮紫:azo violet
    溴酚藍(lán):bromophenol blue

    第六章 配位滴定法
    配位滴定法:compleximetry
    乙二胺四乙酸:ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA
    螯合物:chelate compound
    金屬指示劑:metal lochrome indcator

    第七章 氧化還原滴定法
    氧化還原滴定法:oxidation-reduction titration
    碘量法:iodimetry
    溴量法:bromimetry ]
    溴量法:bromine method
    鈰量法:cerimetry
    高錳酸鉀法:potassium permanganate method
    條件電位:conditional potential
    溴酸鉀法:potassium bromate method
    硫酸鈰法:cerium sulphate method
    偏高碘酸:metaperiodic acid
    高碘酸鹽:periodate
    亞硝酸鈉法:sodium nitrite method
    重氮化反應(yīng):diazotization reaction
    重氮化滴定法:diazotization titration
    亞硝基化反應(yīng):nitrozation reaction
    亞硝基化滴定法:nitrozation titration
    外指示劑:external indicator
    外指示劑:outside indicator
    重鉻酸鉀法:potassium dichromate method

    第八章 沉淀滴定法
    沉淀滴定法:precipitation titration
    容量滴定法:volumetric precipitation method
    銀量法:argentometric method

    第九章 重量分析法
    重量分析法:gravimetric analysis
    揮發(fā)法:volatilization method
    引濕水(濕存水):water of hydroscopicity
    包埋(藏)水:occluded water
    吸入水:water of imbibition
    結(jié)晶水:water of crystallization
    組成水:water of composition
    液-液萃取法:liquid-liquid extration
    溶劑萃取法:solvent extration
    反萃。篶ounter extraction
    分配系數(shù):partition coefficient
    分配比:distribution ratio
    離子對(duì)(離子締合物):ion pair
    沉淀形式:precipitation forms
    稱(chēng)量形式:weighing forms

    《分析化學(xué)》下冊(cè)
    儀器分析 概述
    物理分析:physical analysis
    物理化學(xué)分析:physicochemical analysis
    儀器分析:instrumental analysis

    第十章 電位法及永停滴定法
    電化學(xué)分析:electrochemical analysis
    電解法:electrolytic analysis method
    電重量法:electtogravimetry
    庫(kù)侖法:coulometry
    庫(kù)侖滴定法:coulometric titration
    電導(dǎo)法:conductometry
    電導(dǎo)分析法:conductometric analysis
    電導(dǎo)滴定法:conductometric titration
    電位法:potentiometry
    直接電位法:dirext potentiometry
    電位滴定法:potentiometric titration
    伏安法:voltammetry
    極譜法:polarography
    溶出法:stripping method
    電流滴定法:amperometric titration
    化學(xué)雙電層:chemical double layer
    相界電位:phase boundary potential
    金屬電極電位:electrode potential
    化學(xué)電池:chemical cell
    液接界面:liquid junction boundary
    原電池:galvanic cell
    電解池:electrolytic cell
    負(fù)極:cathrode
    正極:anode
    電池電動(dòng)勢(shì):eletromotive force
    指示電極:indicator electrode
    參比電極:reference electroade
    標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫電極:standard hydrogen electrode
    一級(jí)參比電極:primary reference electrode
    飽和甘汞電極:standard calomel electrode
    銀-氯化銀電極:silver silver-chloride electrode
    液接界面:liquid junction boundary
    不對(duì)稱(chēng)電位:asymmetry potential
    表觀(guān)PH值:apparent PH
    復(fù)合PH電極:combination PH electrode
    離子選擇電極:ion selective electrode
    敏感器:sensor
    晶體電極:crystalline electrodes
    均相膜電極:homogeneous membrance electrodes
    非均相膜電極:heterog eneous membrance electrodes
    非晶體電極:non- crystalline electrodes
    剛性基質(zhì)電極:rigid matrix electrode
    流流體載動(dòng)電極:electrode with a mobile carrier
    氣敏電極:gas sensing electrodes
    酶電極:enzyme electrodes
    金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管:MOSFET
    離子選擇場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管:ISFET
    總離子強(qiáng)度調(diào)節(jié)緩沖劑:total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB
    永停滴定法:dead-stop titration
    雙電流滴定法(雙安培滴定法):double amperometric titration

    第十一章 光譜分析法概論
    普朗克常數(shù):Plank constant
    電磁波譜:electromagnetic spectrum
    光譜:spectrum
    光譜分析法:spectroscopic analysis
    原子發(fā)射光譜法:atomic emission spectroscopy
    質(zhì)量譜:mass spectrum
    質(zhì)譜法:mass spectroscopy,MS

    第十二章 紫外-可見(jiàn)分光光度法
    紫外-可見(jiàn)分光光度法:ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis
    肩峰:shoulder peak
    末端吸收:end absorbtion
    生色團(tuán):chromophore
    助色團(tuán):auxochrome
    紅移:red shift
    長(zhǎng)移:bathochromic shift
    短移:hypsochromic shift
    藍(lán)(紫)移:blue shift
    增色效應(yīng)(濃色效應(yīng)):hyperchromic effect
    減色效應(yīng)(淡色效應(yīng)):hypochromic effect
    強(qiáng)帶:strong band
    弱帶:weak band
    吸收帶:absorption band
    透光率:transmitance,T
    吸光度:absorbance
    譜帶寬度:band width
    雜散光:stray light
    噪聲:noise
    暗噪聲:dark noise
    散粒噪聲:signal shot noise
    閃耀光柵:blazed grating
    全息光柵:holographic graaing
    光二極管陣列檢測(cè)器:photodiode array detector
    偏最小二乘法:partial least squares method ,PLS
    褶合光譜法:convolution spectrometry
    褶合變換:convolution transform,CT
    離散小波變換:wavelet transform,WT
    多尺度細(xì)化分析:multiscale analysis
    供電子取代基:electron donating group
    吸電子取代基:electron with-drawing group

    第十三章 熒光分析法
    熒光:fluorescence
    熒光分析法:fluorometry
    X-射線(xiàn)熒光分析法:X-ray fulorometry
    原子熒光分析法:atomic fluorometry
    分子熒光分析法:molecular fluorometry
    振動(dòng)弛豫:vibrational relexation
    內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換:internal conversion
    外轉(zhuǎn)換:external conversion
    體系間跨越:intersystem crossing
    激發(fā)光譜:excitation spectrum
    熒光光譜:fluorescence spectrum
    斯托克斯位移:Stokes shift
    熒光壽命:fluorescence life time
    熒光效率:fluorescence efficiency
    熒光量子產(chǎn)率:fluorescence quantum yield
    熒光熄滅法:fluorescence quemching method
    散射光:scattering light
    瑞利光:Reyleith scanttering light
    拉曼光:Raman scattering light

    第十四章 紅外分光光度法
    紅外線(xiàn):infrared ray,IR
    中紅外吸收光譜:mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR
    遠(yuǎn)紅外光譜:Far-IR
    微波譜:microwave spectrum,MV
    紅外吸收光譜法:infrared spectroscopy
    紅外分光光度法:infrared spectrophotometry
    振動(dòng)形式:mode of vibration
    伸縮振動(dòng):stretching vibration
    對(duì)稱(chēng)伸縮振動(dòng):symmetrical stretching vibration
    不對(duì)稱(chēng)伸縮振動(dòng):asymmetrical stretching vibration
    彎曲振動(dòng):bending vibration
    變形振動(dòng):formation vibration
    面內(nèi)彎曲振動(dòng):in-plane bending vibration,β
    剪式振動(dòng):scissoring vibration,δ
    面內(nèi)搖擺振動(dòng):rocking vibration,ρ
    面外彎曲振動(dòng):out-of-plane bending vibration,γ
    面外搖擺振動(dòng):wagging vibration,ω
    蜷曲振動(dòng):twisting vibration ,τ
    對(duì)稱(chēng)變形振動(dòng):symmetrical deformation vibration ,δs
    不對(duì)稱(chēng)變形振動(dòng):asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas
    特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band
    特征頻率:characteristic frequency
    相關(guān)吸收峰:correlation absorption band
    雜化影響:hybridization affect
    環(huán)大小效應(yīng):ring size effect
    吸收峰的強(qiáng)度:intensity of absorption band
    環(huán)折疊振動(dòng):ring prckering vibration

    第十五章 原子吸收分光光度法
    原子光譜法:atomic spectroscopy
    原子吸收分光光度法:atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS
    原子發(fā)射分光光度法:atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES
    原子熒光分光光度法:atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS

    第十六章 核磁共振波譜法
    核磁共振:nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR
    核磁共振波譜:NMR spectrum
    核磁共振波譜法:NMR spectroscopy
    掃場(chǎng):swept field
    掃頻:seept frequency
    連續(xù)波核磁共振:continuous wave NMR,CW NMR
    Fourier變換NMR:PFT-NMR,FT-NMR
    二維核磁共振譜:2D-NMR
    質(zhì)子核磁共振譜:proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR
    氫譜:1H-NMR
    碳-13核磁共振譜:13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR
    自旋角動(dòng)量:spin angular momentum
    磁旋比:magnetogyric ratio
    磁量子數(shù):magnetic quantum number,m
    進(jìn)動(dòng):precession
    弛豫歷程:relaxation mechanism
    局部抗磁屏蔽:local diamagnetic shielding
    屏蔽常數(shù):shielding constant
    化學(xué)位移:chemical shift
    國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)協(xié)會(huì):IUPAC
    磁各向異性:magnetic anisotropy
    遠(yuǎn)程屏蔽效應(yīng):long range shielding effect
    結(jié)面:nodal plane
    自旋-自旋偶合:spin-spin coupling
    自旋-自旋分裂:spin=spin splitting
    單峰:singlet,s
    雙峰:doublet,d
    三重峰:triplet,t
    四重峰:quartet
    五重峰:quintet
    六重峰:sextet
    偕偶:geminal coupling
    鄰偶:vicinal coupling
    遠(yuǎn)程偶合:long range coupling
    磁等價(jià):magnetic eqivalence
    自旋系統(tǒng):spin system
    一級(jí)光譜:first order spectrum
    二級(jí)光譜(二級(jí)圖譜):second order spectrum
    C-H光譜:C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY

    第十七章 質(zhì)譜法
    質(zhì)譜分析法:mass spectrometry
    質(zhì)譜:mass spectrum,MS
    棒圖:bar graph
    選擇離子檢測(cè):selected ion monitoring ,SIM
    直接進(jìn)樣:direct probe inlet ,DPI
    接口:interface
    氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用:gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS
    高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用:high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS
    電子轟擊離子源:electron impact source,EI
    離子峰:quasi-molecular ions
    化學(xué)離子源:chemical ionization source,CI
    場(chǎng)電離:field ionization,FI
    場(chǎng)解析:field desorptiion,FD
    快速原子轟擊離子源:fast stom bombardment ,FAB
    質(zhì)量分析器:mass analyzer
    磁質(zhì)譜儀:magnetic-sector mass spectrometer
    四極桿質(zhì)譜儀(四極質(zhì)譜儀):quadrupole mass spectrometer
    原子質(zhì)量單位:amu
    離子豐度:ion abundance
    相對(duì)豐度(相對(duì)強(qiáng)度):relative avundance
    基峰:base peak
    質(zhì)量范圍:mass range
    分辨率:resolution
    靈敏度:sensitivity
    信噪比:S/N
    分子離子:molecular ion
    碎片離子:fragment ion
    同位素離子:isotopic ion
    亞穩(wěn)離子:metastable ion
    亞穩(wěn)峰:metastable peak
    母離子:paren ion
    子離子:daughter
    含奇數(shù)個(gè)電子的離子:odd electron
    含偶數(shù)個(gè)電子的離子:even eletron,EE
    均裂:homolytic cleavage
    異裂(非均裂):heterolytic cleavage
    半均裂:hemi-homolysis cleavage
    重排:rearragement
    分子量:MW
    α-裂解:α-cleavage

    第十八章 色譜分析法概論
    色譜法(層析法):chromatography
    固定相:stationary phase
    流動(dòng)相:mobile phase
    超臨界流體色譜法:SFC
    高效毛細(xì)管電泳法:high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC
    氣相色譜法:gas chromatography,GC
    液相色譜法:liquid cromatography,LC
    超臨界流體色譜法:supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC
    氣-固色譜法:GSC
    氣-液色譜法:GLC
    液-固色譜法:LSC
    液-液色譜法:LLC
    柱色譜法:column chromatography
    填充柱:packed column
    毛細(xì)管柱:capillary column
    微填充柱:icrobore packed column
    高效液相色譜法:high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC
    平板色譜法:planar
    平板色譜法:plane chromatography
    紙色譜法:paper chromatography
    薄層色譜法:thin layer chromatography,TLC
    薄膜色譜法;thiin film chomatography
    毛細(xì)管電泳法:capillary electrophoresis,CE
    分配色譜法:partition chromatography
    吸附色譜法:adsorpion chromaography
    離子交換色譜法:ion exchange chromatography,IEC
    空間排阻色譜法:steric exclusion chromatography,SEC
    親和色譜法:affinity chromatography
    分配系數(shù):distribution cofficient
    狹義分配系數(shù):partition coefficient
    凝膠色譜法:gel chromatography
    凝膠滲透色譜法:gel permeation chromatography,GPC
    凝膠過(guò)濾色譜法:gel filtration chromatography,GFC
    滲透系數(shù):permeation coefficien;Kp
    化學(xué)鍵合相色譜法:chemically bonded-phase chromatography
    分配系數(shù):distribution coefficient
    靛菁綠:indocyanine
    氣相色譜-傅立葉變換紅外光譜:GC-FTIR

    第十九章 經(jīng)典液相色譜法
    薄層色譜法:TLC
    吸附:adsorption
    活化:activation
    脫活性:deactivation
    交聯(lián)度:degree of cross linking
    交換容量:exchange capacity
    薄層板:thin layer plate
    展開(kāi)劑:developing solvent ,developer
    臨界膠束濃度:criticak micolle concentration ,CMC
    相對(duì)比移值:relative Rf, Rr
    分離度:resolution ,R
    分離數(shù):separation number,SN
    煅石膏:Gypsum
    羧甲基纖維素鈉:CMC-Na
    吸收光譜聯(lián)用:TLC-UV
    薄層色譜-熒光聯(lián)用:TLC-F
    薄層色譜-紅外吸收光譜聯(lián)用:TLC-IR
    薄層色譜法:TLC-MS
    紙色譜法:paper chromatography
    上行展開(kāi):ascending development
    下行法展開(kāi):descending development
    雙向展開(kāi):two dimensional develoooment

    第二十章 氣相色譜法
    氣相色譜法:gas chromatography
    前延峰:leading peak
    拖尾峰:tailing peak
    對(duì)稱(chēng)因子:symmetry factor,fs
    保留時(shí)間:retention time
    保留體積:retention volume
    死時(shí)間:dead time
    調(diào)整保留時(shí)間:asjusted retention time
    半峰寬:peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2
    峰寬:peak width,W
    等溫線(xiàn):isotherm
    理論塔板高度:height equivalent to atheoretical plate
    化學(xué)鍵合相:chemically bonded phase
    丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯:polydiethylene glycol succinate,PDEGS,DEGS
    高分子多孔微球:GDX
    苯乙烯:STY
    乙基乙烯苯:EST
    二乙烯苯:DVB
    涂壁毛細(xì)管柱:wall coated open tubular column,WCOT
    載體涂層毛細(xì)管柱:supprot coated open tubular column,SCOT
    熱導(dǎo)檢測(cè)器:thermal conductivity detector,TCD
    氫焰離子化檢測(cè)器:hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID
    電子捕獲檢測(cè)器:electron capture detector ,ECD
    噪聲:noise,N
    漂移:drift,d
    靈敏度:sensitivity
    檢測(cè)限(敏感度):detectability,D,M
    分離度:resolution
    歸一化法:normalization method
    外標(biāo)法:external standardization

    第二十一章 高效液相色譜法
    高效液相色譜法:high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC
    高速液相色譜法:high speed LC,HSLC
    高壓液相色譜法:high pressure LC,HPLC
    高分辨液相色譜法:high resolution LC,HRLC
    液固吸附色譜法(液固色譜法):liquid-solid adsorption chromatography,LSC
    液液色譜法:liquid-liquid chromatography,LLC
    正相:normal phase,NP
    反相:reversed phase,RP
    化學(xué)鍵合相色譜法:bonded phase chromatography,BPC
    十八烷基:octadecylselyl,ODS
    離子對(duì)色譜法:paired ion chromatography,PIC
    反相離子對(duì)色譜法:RPIC
    離子抑制色譜法:ion suppression chromatography,ISC
    離子色譜法:ion chromatography,IC
    手性色譜法:chiral chromatography,CC
    環(huán)糊精色譜法:cyclodextrin chromatography,CDC
    膠束色譜法:micellar chromatography,MC
    親和色譜法:affinity chromatography,AC
    固定相:stationary phase
    化學(xué)鍵合相:chemically bonde phase
    封尾、封頂、遮蓋:end capping
    手性固定相:chiral stationary phase,CSP
    恒組成溶劑洗脫:isocraic elution
    梯度洗脫:gradient elution
    紫外檢測(cè)器:ultraviolet detector,UVD
    熒光檢測(cè)器:fluorophotomeric detector,FD
    電化學(xué)檢測(cè)器:ECD
    示差折光檢測(cè)器:RID
    光電二極管檢測(cè)器:photodiode array detector ,DAD
    三維光譜-波譜圖:3D-spectrochromatogram
    蒸發(fā)光散射檢測(cè)器:evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD
    安培檢測(cè)器:ampere detector,AD
    高效毛細(xì)管電泳法:high performance capillary electrophoresis,HPCE
    淌度:mobility
    電泳:electrophoresis
    電滲:electroosmosis
    動(dòng)力進(jìn)樣:hydrodynamic injection
    電動(dòng)進(jìn)樣:electrokinetic injection
    毛細(xì)管區(qū)帶電泳法:capillary zone electrophoresis,CZE
    膠束電動(dòng)毛細(xì)管色譜:micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography,MECC
    毛細(xì)管凝膠電泳:capillary gel electrophoresis,CGE
    篩分:sieving

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