ɫVһNxØƷиMc̶ͬ(QϵIJ)ȌxһzyMּ京ķ
2 ɫVķxԭ
S(jng)ɫVr͕cй̶l(f)(ܽ⡢)ڻиMW|ͽYϵIJc̶l(f)õĴСͬͬһƄMڹ̶еĜrgͬĶʹиMְһ@NøMڃϵIJʹиMַxļgQɫV
3 ࣺɫVx^ДyMǰƄӵ|
4 ̶ɫVx^вƄӵľԵĹwͿndwҺw
5 ɫVc
(1)xЧʸsЙCͬϵw(2)`ȸߣԙzyμg.g-1(10-6)ng.g-1(10-9)|(3)ٶȿ죬һڎ犻ʮ犃ȿһԇӵķ(4)÷VɫVc400ĸNЙCoCԇӵķҺɫV߷c(wn)ԇӵķx(5)x:|OƵĽMкķx֮̎xMֵĶ^y
6 ɫVķB(ti)ʽxԭ
7 B(ti)
ɫV(Gas Chromatography, GC)ҺɫV(Liquid Chromatography, LC)RwɫV (Supercritical Fluid Chromatography, SFC)ɫVw(Qd)õĚɫVN2H2HeȚwxͬɷ֞飺ɫVëɫV;̶IJַͬ֞飺ɫV͚ҺɫVҺɫVҺw(ҲQϴҺ)̶IJͬ֞飺ҺɫVҺҺɫVRwɫV鳬RwRwһNښwҺw֮gĠB(ti)RwɫVǼɫVҺɫVă(yu)ݶl(f)չһN͵ɫVxgH܉ɫV˷ĸ߷c͓]l(f)ԵԇӽMҾбȸЧҺɫVķʺߵЧ
8 ʽ
ɫV(Column Chromatography, CC):̶b܃;ɫVëɫVɫV(Paper Chromatography, PC)̶V;m܄ʹƷڞVչ_MзxɫV(Thin Layer Chromatography, TLC)
̶ɻͿɱ;ͬɫV
9 xԭ
ɫV(Absorption chromatography);ɫV(Partition Chromatography);xӽQɫV(Ion Exchange Chromatography);zɫV(Gel Chromatography)
10 ɫVD
MڙzyϮa(chn)̖Ȍrg(t)ĈDӛ˸MɫVrֽɫVͻַQɫV
11 ɫVֵ
ɫVֵɫVԷ(j)wF(xin)˸yMɫVϵĜrڹ̶ܽԽc̶ԽĽM֣еĜrgԽLfM֎ɫVweԽԱֵñrgͱweׅ(sh)
12 ɫVDϵɫVfʲô}
(j)ɫVĔ(sh)ĿДƷMֵق(sh);(j)ɫVıֵMжԷ;(j)ɫVeMж;(j)ɫVıֵͅ^(q)urɫVķxЧ;(j)ɷgľxur̶༰xǷm
13 ָһض£Mڃg_ƽr|
14 ɫVɷ֮gľxҪɃɽMڃgķϵ(sh)߀ǔUɢٶțQ?ʲô?
𣺷ϵ(sh)ɷgľxɟW؛QɽMڃзϵ(sh)ԽɷgľxtԽԽױxUɢٶDŽWأӳɫVϼɫVą^(q)(Π)
15 ɫVՓҪQĆ}
ɫVx^̵ğẄ́W}Ӱ푷xЧcЧ;Чcxȵurָ˼Pϵ
16 Mֱrgβͬ?ɫV׃?
MֱrgɫV^̵ğWؿ;(M̶ֺҺĽY|)ɫV׃ɫV^̵ĄWؿ;(е\Uɢ)ՓՓքeğẄ́WĽǶUɫVxЧܼӰ
17 뽛(jng)Փ
ɫVx^̱ȔMs^Bm(x)ɫVx^̷ָɶεƽ^̵؏(sϵƽ^)
18 Փc
Փ唵(sh)߶Чĺָ;ͬ|ͬһɫVϵķϵ(sh)ͬЧ唵(sh)Ч߶Чָܵ˕rָy|;ЧܱʾxMֵČHxЧɽMֵķϵ(sh)KͬroՓԓɫV唵(sh)ox
19 ՓIJ㣺
ՓĻOɫVČHx^ՓoͬһɫVڲͬЧͬČYfɫVʲôչͬrδָӰЧؼЧ;ͷ
20 ʷ̣
(ҲQķطʽ)H = A + B/u + C·u H߶; uƽٶ(cm/s)
A uUɢ Ac|ʟoPҪpСAֵҪ߹̶wȺ;ԼԁQڿëA=0̶wԽСdp↓ԽA↓H↓Чn↑F(xin)ڜuUɢɫV׃F(xin)ppɫV^խ
B/u —ӔUɢ Ȳa(chn)vUɢ;UɢɫV׃H↑(n↓)x׃;;ӔUɢcP↓rg↑Uɢ↑;Uɢϵ(sh)Dg ∝(Md)-1/2 ; Md↑Bֵ↓
C ·u —| dp↓ df↓, D ↑ ,ɽ͂|
21 H - u c٣
ٌ@ȫ෴ٌЧĿӰʹôһֵʷʽ߶ȌٵһA(sh)һOСֵ߶HuDcټ
22 ՓҪc
Mַ\еĶ·cuUɢݶɵķӔUɢ|ʹgķƽⲻ˲g_ɫVUչЧ½Ҫԭ;ͨ^xm?sh)Ĺ̶dNҺĤȼdٿЧ;ՓɫVxͲlxṩՓָUٺ،ЧxӰ;NƼsdӔUɢ헵Ӱ표pСʹЧͬr|헵ӰʹЧ½;ڂ|ּӄ˷ӔUɢӰ푡xїlʹЧ_ߡ
23 ɫVԷ
1 c˘ӌյķ ñֵԣͨ^ԇоc|ֵͬɫV_ԇǷԓ|ɫVDеλmڲͬxϫ@õĔ(sh)(j)֮gČü뷨ԣ|뵽ԇ^MɫV׃2 īIֵ ֵr21ֵr21Hcغ̶|PɫVփжиN|ڲ̶ͬϵı(sh)(j)ÁMжb
24 ɫV
1 УӣԇиM|cɫVeȣm i = fi’ ·Ai ;^Уӣϵ(sh)f i λe|f i ’ =m i / Ai ;Уf i MֵĽ^Уc˜|Ľ^У֮
2 õĎN
1wһcҪwһʴ_;MĜʴ_ԺͲl׃ӌyYӰ푲;HmԇнMȫr
2 ——˜cҪ˷ʹУʴ_^ߣl׃Yʴ_Ӱ^MĜʴ_ԿҪ^ߣmڴԇӵĿٷ
3Ș˷ȘҪMҪ(a)ԇвԓ|;(b)cyM|^ӽ;(c)cԇӰl(f)W;(d)λÑλڱyMָܷx_;(e)mвcyMֽӽȘ˷c Ș˷Ĝʴ_^lMS׃ӌYӰ푲;ÿԇӵķҪMЃɴηQmϴԇӵĿٷ;Ș˷еԇȡ̓Ș̶twi=Ai/As *(sh)
ɫV
1 ɫV(GC )ԚwɫV
2 ɫVҪƷ⻯ mڴַcߺ͟(wn)Ļڸgܺͷ^|yڷ
s15%-20%ЙCÚɫVMз
3 ɫVxĽMɣ·ϵy(tng)Mϵy(tng)xϵy(tng)zyϵy(tng)ؿϵy(tng)ӛϵy(tng)
4 ·ϵy(tng)Դdٿ;õdУ
5 Mϵy(tng)Mbú͚⻯ҡwM(ͨy)ԇȳMdyеԇӚwMx;ҺwMͬҎ(gu)עɫV10μL;ëɫV1μL;̓xȫԄҺwMϴ_ȡMQӵ^ԄɣһοɷÔ(sh)ʮԇ
6 MӷʽMӣƷ҃Ț⻯ֽ(jng)ܵſֻИOСһֱd⌧ɫV;MӣƷֱעɫV(jng)^]l(f)ȫɫV
7 xϵy(tng)ɫV(2-6 mmֱ1-5 mL)ë(0.1-0.5 mmֱ, ʮL)
8 ؿϵy(tng)ãضɫVxlҪx(sh);:⻯ɫVzyɫVxrƜض;⻯ңCҺwԇ˲g⻯;zyCxĽMͨ^rڴ;ɫV䣺ʴ_ƷxҪĜض
9 zyϵy(tng)ãɫVxĸMֵD׃ɿɜyָ̖ˣ`ȡԷ푑ٶȡYͨͨ——|푑;
——ض|и`푑zy͙ͣzyጧzyӲ@zy;|͙zyxӻzyșzy
10 ጧzyҪcY(wn)Ժ;oCЙCﶼ푑ƉĘƷ;`Ȳ
11 xӻzyc(yu)c(1)͵|͙zy;(2)͙ͨzy(yCЙC);(3)zyнYΡ(wn)Ժ`ȸ푑ѸweСԷc;(4)ȟጧzy`ȸ߳3(sh)zy_10-12g·g-1ȱc(1)dҪߣ(2)zyrҪƉĘƷoƷ(3)ܙzyԚwˮȻ̼
12 ӷ@zycuءк푑;`ȸںr(nng)ˎķ;Է^խ
13 șzy(FPD)һNиxԵęzyڸȼЙCƬl(f)ͬLV
14 ̶ࣺw̶ࣺw;Һw̶ࣺdw̶ҺM;ۺ̶
15 w̶ࣺһwõл̿zXͷӺY(yu)c᷀(wn)Ժr;ȱcЧжʹǰҪMлãҪڶԚwH2O2N2COCO2CH4һw͵ͷc|
16 dwʹõ|MėlYȱe;WcƷMֲWoû;᷀(wn)Ժ;һęCеȺͽԣ;һȺҎ(gu)tΠΡ
17 ̶ҺҪʹÜضҺw^͵ē]l(f);õğ᷀(wn);ҪxĸM֑кmķϵ(sh);W(wn)ԺãcƷMddwl(f)κλW
18 ̶ҺķǘOԹ̶ҺеȘOԹ̶ҺOԹ̶ҺI̶Һ
19 ǘOԹ̶ҺҪһЩNͼͣcy|֮gɫɢMְcɵ͵ƷмИOԺͷǘOԽMtͬcĘOԽMȳõĹ̶Һн(ʮ)ƤɵmڷǘOԺOԻķ
20 еȘOԹ̶Һ^ĘOԻFTOĻFMcy|gɫɢTMֻϰcͬcķǘOԽMȳ塣õĹ̶ҺmOԺеȘOԻķ
21 OԹ̶Һ^ĘOԻFcy|goTMְOС塣õĹ̶ҺmژOԻķ
22 I̶ҺǏOԹ̶Һһcy|gԚIMγɚIy׳̶ȳγɚIĽMȳõĹ̶ҺоҶҴmڷF(xin)NOȵĻ
23 ̶ҺxٰOԭtxOܽȴϵ(sh)rgL:ڰ܈Fx---̶Һ;---Ҷ̶Һ۰ҪexMgcҪe----ǘOԹ̶Һ;OԞҪe----OԹ̶ҺxϹ̶ҺyxďsƷxÃɷNɷNϹ̶Һ
24 ۺ̶ࣺȿw̶ҲdwַQ߷Ӷ|ȴִܽ(1)^ıȱe(2)ǘOԼO|oкβF(xin)СOԽMҲܳQ(3)ڲҺĤoʧF(xin)᷀(wn)Ժ(4)CеȺg^ϵɫVоجF(xin)ԺãڜpٜuUɢ
25 dNxzym;dٵĴС
26 صx
(1)ȑʹؿڹ̶ҺʹÜض(^ԓضȹ̶Һʧ)ʹÜض(ڴ˜ضȹ̶ҺԹwʽ)֮
(2)أԸƂ|Чs̷rgӺxڷxһԭtǣʹyxĽMֱMܷxǰM^͵Աrgmββ
(3)һxڽӽԵڽMƽcrĜض
(4)M֏sг̌ԇӣóء
27 dw̶Һxȣ̶ҺdwϵͿnһָǹ̶Һcwİٷֱͨ5%25%֮gԽͣwγɵҺĤԽ|ԽСЧԽٶҲԽ^͕r̶ؓdͣSM^СͨAʹ^͵
28 MӗlxMSzyԙzy֮ȡMҪrg;⻯һ^ظ30~70°C
29 ɫVx;(1)ՓLpС唵(sh);(2)ՓpСMеĜuUɢ͂|ɽ߶
30 ëɫVĽYc
(1) bСLȿ_ë0.2mm
(2);ͨ^˽MеĜuUɢ
(3)̶ҺֱͿڹܱϣȱe^,ͿӺܱtҺ|͡
(4)ëɫVЧ_ÿ30004000KՓһ֧L100ëՓ唵(sh)_104106
31ëɫV(yu)c
(1)xЧʸߣ10100
(2)ٶȿ죺ëɫVɫVٶ
(3)ɫVխΌQ^óطʽ
(4)`ȸһÚzy
(5)uUɢ
32ëɫVͣ
(1)Ϳë̶ҺֱͿڹ܃ȱΣƂجF(xin)Բ̡
(2)ëڹܱͿһӶwëܚɫV
(3)dwͿnëdzēwճڹܱͿ̶ҺЧ^Ϳë
(4)WIϻ(lin)ë̶Һͨ^WIڹܱϻ(lin)һʹЧMһ
ЧҺɫV
1 cɫVҺɫVă(yu)ccɫVҺɫVܘƷ]l(f)Ժ᷀͟(wn)Լ|ƣֻҪјƷƳҺdzmڷxxͻ(wn)Ȼa(chn)ԼN߷ӻҺɫVHʹƷɫVƄӵc̶һӣcƷӰl(f)xԵ@͞ƺƷxlṩһ~Ŀ׃ɫVõǶԚwM֛]HH\d
2 ҺɫVc߉Ч`ȡ߷c(wn)ЙCԇӵĸЧx
3 ЧҺɫVxĽMɣ߉ݔҺϵy(tng)Mϵy(tng)xϵy(tng)zyϵy(tng)(sh)(j)̎ϵy(tng)
4 ʹǰÓ⣺õÓⷽ ͉Óⷨ(늴Ŕˮóͬrӟ܄)ÓⷨͳÓⷨȡ
5 ݶϴÓÃɷN(N)ͬOԵ܄ڷx^аһBm(x)׃܄Ⱥ͘Oԣͨ^ИOԵ׃׃xMֵķx߷xЧ
6 ߉ݶ(ݶ)cȼӉ܄ø߉ԺݔɫVϵy(tng)ݶȻԻϺɫV
͉ݶ(ݶ) cȻϺӉڳAȰһij܄ϺñݔɫV
7 Mϵy(tng) ҪõܷԣСweõķ(wn)MӕrɫVϵy(tng)Ӱ^С
8 xϵy(tng)ɫVnjF(xin)xĺIJ̶ܺMܞֱͲP䓹һɫVL5~30 cmȏ4~5 mmzɫVȏ3~12 mmƂɫVȏt_25 mmһϴ܄MɫVx֮ǰͨ^ǰHPLCwһs3~10 m䳣Ä{ɫVİl(f)չڅǜpСȺЧ
9 zyϵy(tng)——ÁBm(x)O(jin)y(jng)ɫVxĽMɺͺ׃bá-Ҋՙzy늶OЙzyʾ۹zyɹzy늻Wzy
10 ЧҺɫVҪcɫVl(f)滯W׃ԱЧӵı|^Lrg׃;yƷܽ;cÙzyƥ;ճȱMСԫ@^ߵЧ;༃ҪߣrˣС
11 ЧҺɫVĹ̶ķ
(1)̶܉֣ԹwԶ|ɳ^߉IϸNܹ܈F---IϹ̶࣬ĿǰVĹ̶ӲzҪxӽQɫVzɫVɾ۱ϩcϩ(lin)ɳܵĉ^
(2)϶ȷ֣ͣwβڲͿһӶ|zXxӽQ֬ӺY(yu)cmڿٷxoܡCеȸܸܳ߉mںεĘƷҎ(gu):ȱcӱMȫͣɹzwۼȱeСwȫ̶\|ʿЧxЧmڏsƷMֵķxĿǰHPLCБVĹ̶
12 ҺɫVԭԹw̶Ļľԇӷӱȕrc܄l(f)x^һ-ƽ^̡
13 ҺɫV̶ࣺͨǹzX̿ȹwzࣺOԴԇØOԏϴÓOԇØOϴÓ ήwxxr(nng)ˎw;ʯϩNķxmڏOԵx͘Ʒķxmڷxͬϵ(|x^С)
14 ҺҺɫVԭ(j)|ڃɷN(ֻ)ҺwܽȵIJͬF(xin)xϵ(sh)^ĽMֱֵҲ^
15 ҺҺɫVࣺc̶ҺM߶ߵĘOԽԽá(j)c̶OԵIJe̶ɌҺҺɫV֞ɫV(OСڹ̶OOСmڏOԺеȘOԽMַx)ͷɫV(OԴڹ̶OOԴmڷǘOԻOԽMַx)̶ dw̶ҺMõĹ̶Һb,b’-Ҷʮ ͬϵMֵķxxˮ⵰|ɵĸNᣬx֬ͬϵ
16 WIϹ̶ࣺWIϹ̶ûWЙCIϵdwγɾһι̵ĆηӱӶɸNܵĹ̶
17 WIϹ̶c̶ʧķ(wn)Ժ͉^;ܸN܄ݶϴÓ;^һ]Һ|Ч;IϲͬFԸ׃xIȘOԼFɫVIxӽQFxɫVIC2C4C6C8C18C16C18C22ͱȷǘOԻFڷɫVHPLC^Ĺ̶ࡣ
18 xӽQɫVԭxӽQɫVĹ̶xӽQ֬ˮҺôyƷиMxcxӽQ֬HIJͬMзxġ
19 xӽQɫVࣺˮľ_ҺxxӽQ̶֬ˮҺ;xxӽQ̶֬ÉAˮҺ;ãxӼxĻ
20 zɫVԭzɫVĹ̶z|ˮҺЙC܄Ǹ(j)ͬMַweĴСMзxġСӿԔUɢz϶ͨ^;еȷֻͨ^z϶ͨ^;ӱų;܄Сȫweǰ;Ɍ|100-105ȵĻﰴ|x
21 zɫVࣺܽƷcz(zֹ)ճС(ӔUɢٶ)Ěȷ¡ˮ
22 Ӱ푷xcЧ;(1)ҺwȱȚwһٱܶȞwһǧʽ͂|ЧҪ;(2)ʷ̶ȿЧ(3)ҺɫVУͨ^Ƃ|(4)ظ׃ϴҺMɡOǸƷxֱӵ(5)ٴ0.5 cm/sr, HuһбʲֱЧ߲ǺܴڌHһ{xȺͳrgҪx(sh)(6)ɫVеĹ̶Һԭt϶ҺɫVxԭtcɫVһӡڸЧҺɫVxƂһ헼gҪdzߵĹһƂ
|V
2 |Vãʴ_y|ķ;|VΨһԴ_ʽķ;(j)ƬMлĽY
3 |VĻԭ|V늴ŌWԭyƷӽxɾвͬ|xȻ|ɱ(m/z)ĴСռ|V(j)|Vеķxӷ(M+)ԫ@ØƷӵ|Ϣ;(j)xӷ(xӷͬλxӷ塢Ƭxӷ(wn)xӷxӷ)Ⱥ͵(sh)Ҏ(gu)tԴ_ķʽ;(j)xӷ弰|WIĔҎ(gu)ɿMжԷͽY;(j)M|VķcgľPϵMж
4 |V^̣1Mͨ^x2xӻxMַӱһײײʹxγxӡ3xҲײҶγƬx4xӱ늉Va(chn)һٶvc|늺ɼ늉P5xMһȞBĴň(|)l(f)ƫD
5 |VxĽMɣϵy(tng)Mϵy(tng)xԴx|xәzy
6 ϵy(tng)ãǜpxײpʧնȵͣxԴğz;ʹߣɔ_|VD;~x-ӷ׃ѽģʹ|Vጏs;ɔ_xԴ{(ji);xӵĎǧ߉늵
7 Mϵy(tng)ĿģЧ؏͵،Ʒ뵽xԴвҲնȵĽgЪʽMϵy(tng)——wͷcד]l(f)Һw;ֱ̽M——߷cҺww;ɫVMϵy(tng)——ЙC
8 xԴxңʹԇеԭxxӣӰ|Vx`ȺͷֱʱI8xԴcx늉70eV;һСňx;EIԴxЧʸ,ƬxӶYϢSИ˜ʻ|V;Y;ƷښB(ti)xĘƷܷҪښ-|(lin)Ãx;ЩƷòx
9 WxԴcxС|V唵(sh)VD;(M+1)+ʷxӷ;my]l(f)ԇӡ
10 ԭZԴXeԭZͿڰϵĘƷRxmڸߘO᷀(wn)ԲĘƷFABһʽ|VxԴ
11 늇FԴY(ë)F⣬ԭFl(f)늉cESIܛһNxʽֻa(chn)xa(chn)Ƭx;mڏOĘƷ|ǵ;a(chn)xӎж늺;ҪҺɫV-|V(lin)ÃxҺɫV|Vx֮gĽӿbãͬrxb
12 xԴ(FI) ͈xԴ(FD)xӷ及;:Ƭxӷ;mϻYb
13 |oxcʷxӷƬxͨwЕrg|VemϜy|DNAƬǵȵ|
14 |ãxԴa(chn)xӰ|ɱm/zĴС_
15 ξ۽xӵm/zcR,B, VPͨ^׃ňѲͬxӷ_-һŸБB£׃늉VʹͬxȺͨ^zyF(xin)|裬õ|VcY;ֻз۽o۽ֱʵ
16 p۽F(xin)۽(ٶ)۽;ڄܲͬxӣͨ^{(ji)늈_۽Ŀcֱʸ
17 ļU|cYweСpʿ죬mcɫV(lin)C
18 wЕrg|c|ʿȲňҲ늈ֻҪֱƯƿg
19 x|ضm/zxһ܉Ϸ(wn)D׃늘O늉ͬm/zxw嵽_zycYڲ`ȸߡ
20 |Vıʾ|VһþVVɷNʾþV;VϵĸlֱʾһxӷM˞|ɱm/zv˞xӵ(S)һ㌢ԭʼ|VDxӷ嶨岢100%xӷԌٷֵʾ܉ֱ^^쵽ӵ|Vȫò;|Vñʽʾ|V(sh)(j)|VЃ헼|ɱȼӋ^ֱ^
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24 _Jxӷķ(1)xӷ횷ϵ(sh)Ҏ(gu)tЙCﺬż(sh)ԭӻԭxӷm/zһż(sh);攵(sh)ԭӣxӷm/zһ攵(sh)(2)xӷcxӷ|粻ܳF(xin)ȷxӷ|С413|λķ(3)кS,Br, ClrM+, (M+2) +ͬλxӷı_Jxӷ塣(4)׃|VxIJl߷xӷûWxԴZԴ늉ɫ@^M+
25 ɫV-|V(lin)Ãx|V|YɫVxɫV-|V(lin)ãͬ(yu)cGC-MS;LC-MS;CE-MSɫV|VMӼxϵy(tng);|VɫVęzyҪ}ӿڼg;ȥɫVдӡm÷mړ]l(f)ȵy⻯Oԏ|᷀(wn)ԲĘƷ
26 opzyxopzygƉԙzyڲƉĴy|ԭĠB(ti)W|ǰ£@ȡcyƷ|Pă|ɷֵWõęz鷽